JK Academy 12th English Digest Chapter 4.1 History of Novel Textbook Questions and Answers
BRAINSTORMING
(1) Match the columns:
Answer:
| A | B |
| 1. Murasaki Shikibu | (c) Tale of Genji |
| 2. Novella | (d) New |
| 3. Don Quixote | (a) Cervantes |
| 4. Rajmohan’s Wife | (b) Bankimchandra Chattopadhyaya |
(2) Pick out the odd element from the group.
(i) Arun Joshi, Vikram Seth, Graham Greene, Kiran Nagarkar
Answer:
Graham Greene (Graham Greene was an English novelist; the others are Indian writers)
(ii) Place, Period, Theme, Climate, Lifestyle
Answer:
Theme (the others are aspects of the setting)
(iii) Theme, Plot, Character, Novella
Answer:
Novella (‘Novella’ is a ‘novel’; the others are the elements of a novel)
Maharashtra Board Class 12 English Yuvakbharati Solutions Chapter 4.1 History of Novel
(3) Complete the following statements:
(i) The two types of conflicts that the plot may have are internal (inside the mind of the character) or external (with other characters or entities).
(ii) The word ‘picaresque’ is originated from the Spanish word ‘picaro,’ which means a rogue.
(iii) The epistolary novel presents the narrative through a series of correspondence or other documents like letters or diary entries.
(iv) In the eighteenth century middle class could get the time for reading and discussing the novels because the spread of machines helped them in their work and could provide them with some spare time.
(4) Write short notes on:
(i) Style of the novel
The language and the techniques used by the author for the narration of the course of events is known as the ‘style’. An author can use extensive vocabulary and difficult phrases or he may be brief and could write only to the point or he may mix both according to the requirement of his story. He may use linguistic devices like figures of speech to make the narrative effective. All these factors decide the ‘texture’ of the narration and create an impact on the readers.
(ii) Stream of consciousness novel
Stream of consciousness is a phrase coined by William James in his treatise ‘Principles of Psychology.’ (1890). It means the flow of the thoughts. Incidents in the plot are in the sequence of their occurrences. The novelist narrates them as they enter the mind of the character.
(iii) Novella
Novella, the word originated from the Italian word ‘novelle’, is a type of narrative prose fiction which is shorter than a full length novel and longer than a short story. It is a well-stuctured yet short narrative, often satiric or realistic in tone. It usually focuses on one incident or issue with one or two main characters and takes place at a single tradition.
Some of the famous novellas in English are –
• ‘The Heart of Darkness’ by Joseph Conrad
• ‘The Turn of the Screw’ by Henry James
• ‘Billy Budd’ by Hermann Melville
• ‘Death in Venice’ by Thomas Mann
• ‘Seize The Day’ by Saul Bellow
• ‘Pearl’ by John Steinbeck
(iv) Indian tradition of novels.
‘Rajmohan’s Wife’, by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyaya serialized in ‘The Indian Field’ was the first novel in English written by an Indian. The period after that is marked by few more novels written by the Indian writers. These novels bore either nationalistic virtues or social issues as their main framework. Mulkraj Anand, R.K. Narayan and Raja Rao were the major trio who prevailed in the period after that. Novelists like Anita Desai, Nayantara Sahgal and Arun Joshi and Manohar Malgaonkar uplifted and revolutionized Indian English novel through their works. Amitav Ghosh, Vikram Seth and Upamanyu Chatterjee ameliorated the Indian novel in English by adding new features to it. Recent years have witnessed the dazzling performance by Indian novelists like Salman Rushdie, Arvind Adiga, Arundhati Roy, Kiran Desai and Kiran Nagarkar. The tradition of Indian English novel, since its inception, has registered a marked shift exhibiting global concerns.
Balbharti Yuvakbharati English 12th Digest Chapter 4.1 History of Novel Questions and Answers.
1. Match the columns :
A B
a) The pilgrim’s progress 1) Gulliver’s Travels
b) Oroonoku 2) Robinson Crusoe
c) Daniel Defoe 3) Aphra Behn
d) Jonathan swift 4) John Bunyan
Answer : a) – 4), b) – 3), c) – 2), d) – 1)
2. Match the columns :
A B
a) Samuel Richardson 1) Salmon Rushdie
b) Immigrant Authors 2) Epistolary Novels
c) Frances Burney 3) Frankenstein
d) Mary Shelley 4) Evelina
Answer : a) – 2), b) – 1), c) – 4), d) – 3)
3. Match the columns :
A B
a) Bronte sisters 1) Psychological insights
b) George Eliot 2) Novels on crime
c) Agatha Christie 3) Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyaya
d) Rajmohan’s wife 4) The wuthering Heights
Answer : a) – 4), b) – 1), c) – 2), d) – 3)
4. Match the columns :
A B
a) Rajmohan’s wife 1) Salmon Rushdie, V.S.Naipaul
b) Immigrant authors 2) First Novel in English by an Indian
c) The heart of Darkness 3) Henry James
d) The Turn of the screw 4) Joseph Conrad
Answer : a) – 2), b) – 1), c) – 4), d) – 3)
5. Match the columns :
A B
a) Herman Melville 1) Pearl
b) Thomas Mann 2) Seize of the day
c) Saul Bellow 3) Billy Budd
d) John Steinbeck 4) Death in Venice
Answer : a) – 3), b) – 4), c) – 2), d) – 1)
6. Match the columns :
A B
a) Realistic Novel 1) Terror, mystery, supernatural
b) Picaresque Novel 2) Letters, Diary entries, documents
c) Epistolary Novel 3) Manner or realism
d) Gothic Novel 4) Rogue or disreputable person
Answer : a) – 3), b) – 4), c) – 2), d) – 1)
7. Match the columns :
A B
a) Theme 1) struggle
b) Plot 2) Central idea in a nutshell
c) Setting 3) story or the course of events
d) Conflict 4) Background
Answer : a) – 2), b) – 3), c) – 4), d) – 1)
8. Match the columns :
A B
a) Based on the life of the author 1) Allegorical Novel
b) More than one level of meaning 2) Utopian/Dystopian Novel
c) Science fiction/speculative fiction 3) Autobiographical Novel
d) William James 4) Principles of psychology
Answer : a) – 3), b) – 1), c) – 2), d) – 4)
9. Match the columns :
A B
a) Bildungsroman Novel 1) Entertainment of the mass
b) Psychological Novel 2) period earlier than that of writing
c) Historical Novel 3) Internal/external life of the protagonist
d) Pulp Magazines 4) Growth of the protagonist
Answer : a) – 4), b) – 3), c) – 2), d) – 1)
10. Match the columns :
A B
a) Murasai Shikibu 1) The Cantebury Tales
b) Geoffrey Chaucer 2) Don Quixote
c) Malrory 3) Tale of Genji
d) Miguel De Cervantes 4) Morte De Arthur
Answer : a) – 3), b) – 1), c) – 4), d) – 2)
Maharashtra State Board Class 12 English Yuvakbharati Solutions Chapter 4.1 History of Novel
1. True or false :
State whether the following statements are True or false. Correct the false statement.
1) Novel makes life easier to understand than in drama and poetry. (T)
2) “Tale of Ginji’ has been described as the world’s first Novel. (T)
3) The spread of machines was the reason that the readers could not get time to read
novel. (F)
CORRECT STATEMENT The spread of machines could provide a time to the educated middle class for reading and discussion about the novels.
4) Agatha Christie was the most famous Romantic Novelist. (F)
CORRECT STATEMENT Agatha Christie used to write novels on crime.
2. True or False :
State whether the following statements are True or false. Correct the false statement.
1) “Rajmohan’s wife” by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay was the first novel in English written by an Indian. (T)
2) Novella is a short narrative often satire or realistic in tone. (T)
3) The language and the techniques used by the author for the narrator is known as
plot. (F)
CORRECT STATEMENT The language and the techniques used by the author for the narrator is known as Style.
4) Realistic Novels are dealing with imaginative things. (F)
CORRECT STATEMENT Realistic Novels are dealing with Realism/manner.
3. True or False :
State whether the following statements are True or false. Correct the false statement.
1) Picaresque novels are related to pictures, images. (F)
CORRECT STATEMENT Picaresque novels are related to Rogue/ disreputable person
2) Epistolary novels are about Epics/ Mythology etc. (F)
CORRECT STATEMENT Epistolary novels are related to correspondence/documents/ letters/ diary entries.
3) Autobiographical novel is based on the life of the author. (T)
4) Stream of consciousness novel means flow of the thoughts. (T)
4. True or False :
State whether the following statements are True or false. Correct the false statement.
1) Growth of the protagonist’s mind is the major theme of Bildungsroman Novel. (T)
2) Pulp magazines were very popular for the general entertainment of the masses. (T)
3) Imaginary community possessing ideal qualities is a common theme in science fiction or speculative fiction. (T)
4) “Frankenstein” by Mary shelly is considered the first Novel based on science and technology. (T)
12th English Digest Chapter 4.1 History of Novel Textbook Questions and Answers
1. Choose :
Choose the correct alternatives and rewrite the sentences.
1) The present English word,” Novel” is derived from the Italian ……………………
a) Novelty b) Nationality
c) Novella d) Noel.
2) The ………………………………….. is written by Geoffrey Chaucer.
a) Canterbury Tales b) Tales of Grandmother
c) Cadbury stories d) Romantic stories
3) Salman Rashdie.V.S Naipaul,Kazao Ishigura are considered as …………………
a) Romantic writers b) Historical writers
c) Autobiographical writers d) Immigrant Authors.
4) ……………………… is the pioneer of the stream of consciousness technique.
a) Ketan patel b) Virginia Woolf
c) R.K Narayan d) Arundhatti Roy.
2. Choose :
Choose the correct alternatives and rewrite the sentences.
1) Agatha christie’s Novels are based on ………………………………….
a) Crime b) Romance
c) suspense d) History.
2) ………………. by Bankim Chandra chattopadhay was the first Novel in English Written by an Indian.
a) India of my dreams b) Rajmohan’s wife
c) Swami d) who is afraid of him?
3) There are ……………………………………….. Elements of Novel.
a) Two b) three
c) six d) ten
4) Plots may be of two types ……………………… and ……………………..
a) Open plot/close plot b) First/second
c) primary/secondary d) simple/complex
3. Choose :
Choose the correct alternative and rewrite the sentences.
1) The word picaresque is originated from the Spanish word,”picaro” which means……..
a) Pictures b) picnic
c) Rogue d) paintings
2) Epistolary derives from the Latin word epistola means the word ………………
a) Letter b) Epic
c) English culture d) palaces
3) …………………………….is the principle of stream of consciousness Novel.
a) Flow of love b) flow of thoughts
c) war and loss d) science and technology.
4) “Frankenstein” by ………………………… is considered the first novel based on science and technology.
a) R. K. Narayan b) Jayant Naralikar
c) Chetan Bhagat d) Mary shelley.
- Pick out the odd element from the group.
1) Arun joshi , vikram seth, Graham Greene, kiran Nagarkar
Odd element : Graham Greene.
2) Anita Desai, Nayantara Sehgal,R. K Narayan, Herman Melville.
Odd element : Herman Melville.
3) Place, period, Theme, climate, life-style.
Odd element : Theme
4) Theme, language / style, character, stream of consciousness, setting.
Odd element; stream of consciousness.
5) Realistic, psychological, Autobiographical, complex, picaresque.
Odd element : Complex
6) Theme, plot, character, Novella
Odd element: Novella
7) Salmon Rushdie, V.S.Naipaul, Kazao Ishigura, John Banyan
Odd element: John Banyan.
8) Mulkraj Anand,R.k Narayan,Raja Rao,joseph Conrad
Odd element: Joseph Conrad
9) Frances Burney, Ann Redcliffe, Mary shelly, Raja Rao
Odd element: Raja Rao
1. Complete the following sentences.
1) The two types of conflicts that the plot may have are simple or complex.
2) Periodical Essay and Novel were two new forms predominant in eighteenth century.
3) The present English word Novel is derived from the Italian word Novella means New.
4) The spread of machines could provide a time to the educated middle class for reading and discussion about the books.
5) Salmon Rushdie, V.S.Naipaul and Kazao Ishigura are called as immigrant authors.
6) Hercule poirot and Miss.Marple are the evergreen detectives created by Agatha Christie.
7) The Indian Novels of olden times either had nationalistic virtues or social issues as their Main framework.
8) Novelle is a type of prose fiction which is shorter than a full length Novel and longer than short stories.
9) The reader follows the actions of the main character and it is referred to as the Protagonist is in conflict with a character or a force known as antagonist.
10) Plot and character are the major elements that are affected due to setting.
11) The language and the techniques used by the author for the narration of the course of events are known as the style.
12) Realistic Novel is a fiction that gives the effect of Realism and it is also called a novel of Manner.
13) The adventures of the protagonist who is an eccentric or a disreputable person in an epistolary Novel.
14) Letters, diary entries and other documents are the most common basis for epistolary Novel.
15) The symbolic meaning of allegory may be Political, religious, historical or philosophical
16) An imaginary community or society possessing ideal qualities is a common literary theme especially in Science fiction or speculative fiction.
17) The pulp fiction era provided a building ground for the detective novels and science fiction.
18) The word,” Picaresque’ is originated from Spanish word Picaro which means a Rogue.
19) The epistolary novel represents the narrative through a series of correspondence or other documents.
20) In the eighteenth century, middle class could get the time for reading and discussing the novels because of the spread of machines.
1. Write short notes on :
1) Novella :
The present English word,” Novel” is derived from the Italian,” Novella” meaning,” new”. A novel narrates a story embellishing it with more details of the place, nature, people and their minds and their gestures and activities. It creates the picture of the society of that time.
2) The contribution of women Novelists:
The novel of manners,” Evelina” by Frances Burney”and “Frankenstein” by Mary shelly are landmark novels. Jane Austene has been ruling over the minds of the people through her novels.Emily Bronte,charloote Bront have created their own place by their works.
3) Novels on crime :
Agatha Christie created her own place by writing many novels based on crime “ Hercule poirot” and “Miss. Marple’ are the evergreen detectives created by her. Herper Lee, Margaret Atwood, Toni Morrison and Alie walkers elevated the tradition.
4) Indian tradition of Novels :
“Rajmohan’s wife” by bankim Chandra chattopadhyay serialized in the “ Indian field” was the first nvel in English by an Indian writer. Mulkraj Anand,R.K Narayan,Raja Rao were the major trio who prevailed in the period after that Novelists like Anita Desai, Nayantara Sehgal, Arun Joshi and Manohar Malgaonkar changed the current of Indian English Novel.
5) Elements of Novel :
1) Theme, 2) plot, 3) character, 4) setting, 5) conflict, 6) language, style
6) Types of Novel :
1) Realistic novel 2) Picaresque novel
3) Historical novel 4) Epistolary novel
5) Gothic novel 6) Autobiographical novel
7) Allegorical novel 8) Utopian/ Dystopian novel
9) Psychological novel 10) Stream of consciousness novel
11) Bildungsroman novel
7) Style of the Novel :
The language and the techniques used by the author for the narration of events is known as the style
8) Theme of the Novel : Theme is the central idea in the novel which can be expressed in a nutshell. It is a philosophical statement or a truth which the writer has put forth through the narration of the series of events in the story and characters acting in the particular setting.
9) Plot of the Novel : Plot is essentially the story or the course of events that make up the theme. It is created by the conflict either internal (inside the mind of the character) or external (with other characters or entities). Plot may be simple (one plot) or complex (consisting the interweaving of many subplots).
10) Character of the Novel : Characterization is related to the plot as the course of events take place because of the certain behaviour of the characters.
Depiction of character can range from a thumbnail sketch to deep, wordy, highly detailed verbal sketch. The important character may have been described in its every aspect by the writer. The minor characters are not given much importance. The reader follows the actions of one main character throughout the novel. This character is referred to as the ‘protagonist’. Protagonist (main character) is in conflict with a character or an entity or a force (internal or external) which is known as antagonist.
11) Setting of the Novel: Setting is the background in which the story takes place. There are several aspects of the setting. It includes place, period, time, climate or weather and lifestyle. Plot and character are the two major elements that are affected due to setting.
12) Conflict in the Novel: The struggle between the opposite forces in the story is called ‘conflict.’ Conflict in the story provides interest and curiosity about the plot.
Authors and their books mentioned in the lesson:
Author Book
Virgil Ecologues
Malory Morte De Arthur
Geoffrey Chaucer The Canterbury Tales
Lady Murasaki Shikibu Tale of Genji’ (1010) – World’s first novel
Miguel de Cervantes Don Quixote (first European novel in two parts 1605 & 1615
(Spanish writer)
John Bunyan The Pilgrim’s Progress by (1678)
Aphra Behn Oroonoku (1688)
Daniel Defoe Robinson Crusoe and Moll Flanders
Jonathan Swift Gulliver’s Travels
Samuel Richardson Pamela, or Virtue Rewarded and Clarissa (both epistolary
Novels)
Joseph Conrad The Heart of Darkness
Henry James The Turn of the Screw
Hermann Melville Billy Budd
Thomas Mann Death in Venice
Saul Bellow Seize The Day
John Steinbeck Pearl
Henry Fielding
Lawrence Sterne
Tobias Smollett
Charles Dickens
Walter Scott
Nathaniel Hawthorne
Horace Walpole
Thomas Hardy
Willkie Collins
H.G. Wells
20th century novelist
E.M. Forster
James Joyce
Joseph Conrad
Henry James
George Orwell
Graham Greene
D.H. Lawrence
William Golding
Anthony Burgess
Immigrant authors
Salman Rushdie (India)
V.S. Naipaul (Trinidad)
Kazuo Ishigura (Japan)
Women Novelists
Frances Burney Evelina (the novel of manners)
Ann Radcliffe Gothic novels
Mary Shelley Frankenstein (1823) (first novel based on Science &
technology)
Jane Austen
Emily Bronte The Wuthering Heights
Charlotte Bronte Jane Eyre
Mary Ann Evans alias George Eliot wrote the novels reflecting psychological insight.
Virginia Woolf Stream of Consciousness technique
Agatha Christie created her own place by writing many novels based on crime. Hercule Poirot and Miss Marple are the evergreen detectives created by her.
Harper Lee
Margaret Atwood
Toni Morrison
Alice Walker
Indian Authors
Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyaya Rajmohan’s Wife(serialized in The Indian Field- the first
novel in English written by an Indian)
Mulkraj Anand
R.K. Narayan
Raja Rao
Anita Desai,
Nayantara Sahgal
Arun Joshi
Manohar Malgaonkar
Amitav Ghosh
Vikram Seth
Upamanyu Chatterjee
Salman Rushdie
Arvind Adiga
Arundhati Roy
Kiran Desai
Kiran Nagarkar
Contents
SECTION ONE (Prose)
1.1 An Astrologer’s Day R. K. Narayan
1.2 On Saying “Please” Alfred George Gardiner
1.3 The Cop and the Anthem O’Henry
1.4 Big Data-Big Insights
1.5 The New Dress Virginia Woolf
1.6 Into the Wild Kiran Purandare
1.7 Why we Travel Siddarth Pico Raghavan Iyer
1.8 Voyaging Towards Excellence Achyut Godbole
SECTION TWO (Poetry)
2.1 Song of the Open Road Walt Whitman
2.2 Indian Weavers Sarojini Naidu
2.3 The Inchcape Rock Robert Southey
2.4 Have you Earned your Tomorrow Edgar Guest
2.5 Father Returning Home Dilip Chitre
2.6 Money William H. Davies
2.7 She Walks in Beauty George Gordon Byron
2.8 Small Towns and Rivers Mamang Dai
SECTION THREE (Writing Skills)
3.2 Do Schools Really Kill Creativity? (Mind-Mapping)
3.3 Note–Making
3.4 Statement of Purpose
3.5 Drafting a Virtual Message
3.6 Group Discussion
SECTION FOUR (Genre-Novel)
4.2 To Sir, with Love E. R. Braithwaite
4.3 Around the World in Eighty Days Jules Gabriel Verne
4.4 The Sign of Four Sir Arthur Ignatius Conan Doyle