Std 10 History & Political Science Question Bank Solution

Question Bank Solution

2022-23

Chapter : 1 – Historiography : Development in the West

Q.1. (A) Choose the correct option from the given options and complete the sentences.

1. It may be said that, _____________ was the founder of modern historiography.

(a)Voltaire      (b) René Descartes      (c) Leopold Ranké      (d) Karl Marx

2. ________ wrote the book entitled ‘Archaeology of Knowledge’.

(a) Karl Marx (b) Michel Foucault   (c) Lucien Febvre        (d) Voltaire

3. ‘Dialectics’ method was explained by ________________ .

(a) Voltaire      (b) Hegel         (c) Leopold Ranké      (d) Karl Marx

4. At the onset of the twentieth century _____school of historiography in France, gave a new direction to history writing.

(a)Annales School      (b) Marxist      (c) Dialectics   (d) Feminist

5. ___________ explained the class theory.

(a) Karl Marx                        (b) Michel Foucault     (c) Lucien Febvre        (d) Voltaire

(B) Identify the wrong pair in the following and rewrite.

(1) i. Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel – ‘Reason in History’

ii. Leopold von Ranké – ‘The theory and Practice of History’

iii. Herodotus – ‘The Histories’

iv. Karl Marx – ‘Discourse on the Method’

Ans. Wrong Pair: Karl Marx – ‘Discourse on the Method’

(2) i. René Descartes – The founder of modern historiography

ii. Karl Marx – Class Theory

iii. Michel Foucault – Archaeology of Knowledge

iv. Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel – Dialectics

Ans. Wrong Pair: René Descartes – The founder of modern historiography

(3) i. The physical and natural sciences – an empirical method

ii. Modern Historiography –a scientific method

iii. Gottingen University – an independent department of history

iv. Annales School – British historians

Ans. Wrong Pair: Annales School – British historians

Q. 2(A) . Do as instructed.

1. Complete the following concept map

Various Disciplines useful in Historical Research

Ans.

(i) Archaeology

(ii) Genealogy

(iii) Linguistics

(iv) Epigraphy

2. Complete the following concept map

Notable Scholars in Europe

Ans.

(i) Voltaire

(ii) Karl Marx

(iii) Rene Descartes

(iv) Michel Foucault

3. Complete the following table.

BooksWriter
1. The Histories Hirodotus
2.  Discourse on the methodRené Descartes
3. Das Kapital Karl Marx
4 . Archaelogy of KnowledgeMichel Foucault

4. Complete the following table chart.

PersonalitiesSpecial Features
1. Voltaire The founder of modern historiography
2. Simone de BeauvoirThe fundamentals of feminism.
3. Michel Foucault Archaelogy of Knowledge
4. Karl MarxClass Theory

Q. 2. (B) Write short notes on

1. Dialectics

Ans.

(i) According to Hegel, grasping the meaning of any event happens in terms of two direct opposites.

(ii) Human mind cannot understand the true nature of that event, without understanding the opposites, for example, True-False, Good-Bad, etc.

(iii)  In order to understand the true nature of a thing one needs to know both true and false, similarly good and bad.

(iv) This method of analysis which is based on opposites is known as ‘Dialectics’.

(v) In this method a theory is proposed at the beginning, which is called, ‘Thesis’.

(vi) Then another theory is proposed, which is contrary to the thesis. It is called, ‘Antithesis’. (vii) After a thorough logical discussion of the both a new thesis is proposed which includes the gist of both, the thesis and the antithesis.

(viii) This process of arriving at the new thesis is called, ‘Synthesis’.

2. Annales School

Ans.

(i) At the onset of the twentieth century a new school of historiography arose in France, which is known as ‘Annales School’.

(ii) Annales school gave a new direction to history writing.

(iii) It was recognised now that history is not only about the political events, kings, great leaders and accordingly politics, diplomacy and wars but also about the climate, local people, agriculture, trade, technology, means of communication, social divisions and their collective psychology, etc. in the historical times.

(iv) The Annales School was started by French historians.

3.The historian

Ans.

(i) The writing of critical historical narrative is known as ‘Historiography’.

(ii) A scholor who writes such a narrative is a historian.

(iii) The historian cannot include every past event in his narrative.

(iv) The inclusion and interpretation of historical events by the historian often depends on the conceptual framework adopted by him.

(v) His style of writing is determined by that conceptual framework.

4. René Descartes

Ans.

(i) René Descartes was the foremost among scholars who insisted on verifying the reliability of historical documents by critically examining them.

(ii) Among the rules given by him in his book, ‘Discourse on the method’, the following is supposed to have a great impact on the scientific method of research : Never to accept anything for true till all grounds of doubt are excluded.

Q.3. Explain the following statements with its reason.

1. In historical it may not be possible to use the method of laboratory experiments and observation.

Ans.

(i) This is so because we were not present in the historical time and space and the historical events cannot be recreated.

(ii) Also in history it is not possible to formulate laws that remain true irrespective of the time and space.

2. Historical research was driven to focus in depth on various aspects of women’s life.

Ans.

(i) The feminist historiography emphasised not only on the inclusion of women in history but also on the rethinking of the male dominated perspective of history.

(ii) It drove historical research to focus in depth on various aspects of women’s life such as their employment, their role in trade union, institutions working for their cause, their family life, etc.

3. Foucault called his method, ‘The archaeology of knowledge’.

Ans.

(i) Michel Foucault argued that the prevailing practice of arranging historical events in a chronological order is not right.

(ii) He drew attention to the fact that archaeology does not strive to reach the ultimate historical truth but attempts to explain various transitions in the past.

(iii) Foucault felt that explaining the transitions in history is more important.

(iv) He called his method, ‘the archaeology of knowledge’.

4.It is said that Voltaire was the founder of modern historiography.

Ans.

(i) Voltaire opined that along with objective truth and chronology of historical events considering social traditions, trade, economy, agriculture, etc. was also equally important in historiography.

(ii) It gave rise to the thought that understanding all aspects of human life is important for history writing.

(iii) Thus, it is said that Voltaire was the founder of modern historiography.

Q.4. Read the following extract and answer the questions below.

The tradition of recording historical event can be traced back to Sumer civilisation in Mesopotamia. Names of Sumerian kings and the stories of battles fought by them have been preserved in various inscriptions. The earliest inscription shown above, dates back to 4500 B.C.E. It records a battle fought between two kingdoms. It is now displayed at the Louvre museum in France.

1. In which culture did the tradition of writing down historical events take place?

Ans. The tradition of recording historical event can be traced back to Sumer civilisation in Mesopotamia.

2. In which museum is the oldest inscription found?

Ans. The oldest inscription is found in Louvre museum in France.

3. Express your opinion on how the inscription is a source of history.

Ans.

(i) Through inscriptions, historians can learn about the social, political, and economic structures of ancient civilizations, as well as the beliefs and practices of their people.

(ii) Inscriptions can also shed light on the personal lives of individuals, including their names, occupations, and familial relationships.

Q.5. Answer the following questions in details.

1. Explain Karl Marx’s ‘Class Theory’.

Ans.

(i) According to Karl Marx, history was not about abstract ideas; it was about living people. (ii) Human relationships are shaped by the fundamental needs of people and the ownership as well as nature of prevalent means of production to meet those needs.

(iii) The accessibility of these means to different strata of the society may not be equal.

(iv) This inequality causes a division of the society into classes, leading to class struggle.

(iv) Human history is the history of class struggle, as the class that owns the means of production economically exploits the rest of the classes.

2. What are the four characteristics of modern historiography?

Ans.

Four main characteristics of modern historiography :

(i) Its method is based on scientific principles. It begins with the formation of relevant questions.

(ii) These questions are anthropocentric. It means that these questions are about the deeds of the members of ancient human societies of a particular period. History does not suggest any interrelation between the Divine and human deeds.

(iii) Answers to these questions are supported by reliable evidence.

(iv) History presents a graph of mankind’s journey with the help of past human deeds.

3. What is feminist historiography  

Ans.

(i) Feminist historiography means the restructuring of the history from the perspective of women.

(ii) The writings of French feminist  Simone de Beauvoir, helped in establishing the fundamentals of feminism.

(iii) The feminist historiography emphasised not only on the inclusion of women in history but also on the rethinking of the male dominated perspective of history.

(iv) It drove historical research to focus in depth on various aspects of women’s life such as their employment, their role in trade union, institutions working for their cause, their family life, etc.

4. Explain Leopold von Ranké’s perspective of history

Ans.

(i) Leopold Von Ranke of Berlin University put emphasis on the utmost importance of information gathered through original documents.

(ii) He also stated that all types of documents associated with a historical event need to be examined with greatest care.

(iii) He believed that with this method it was possible to reach the historical truth.

(iv) He criticised imaginative narration of history.

5.Write the stages of arranging history in the history research method.

Ans.

The stages of arranging history in the history research method are as follows:

(i) Critically examining of various sources of history.

(ii) Examining relevant references of the available historical information.

(iii) Collecting historical information, highlighting the processes that lead to historical transitions, carrying out comparative analysis.

(iv) Understanding the references regarding time and space of the given historical events and also various conceptual frameworks used in historical research method.

(v) Formulating relevant questions in view of the historical references.

(vi) Formulating hypotheses.

Chapter : 2. Historiography : Indian Tradition

Q.1. (A) Choose the correct option from the given options and complete the sentences.

1. ________ was the first Director General of the Archaeological Survey of India.

(a) Alexander Cunningham (b) William Jones (c) John Marshall (d) Friedrich Max Muller

2. ____________ translated the Sanskrit text of ‘Hitopadesh’ in German language.

(a) James Mill (b) Friedrich Max Muller (c) MountstuartElphinstone (d) Sir John Marshall

3. Rajtarangini is the history of ____________ .

(a) Kashmir (b) Bengal (c) Maharashtra (d) Rajastan

4. Mahatma Phule unfolded the history of the ‘shudratishudra’ commuunities in his book _______________ .

(a) The Untouchables (b) Who Were the Shudras (c) Gulamgiri (d) StripurushTulana

5. Nationalistic writings in Maharashtra were inspired by _____________.

(a) Vishnushastri Chiplunkar. (b) V. K. Rajawade (c) TarabaiShinde (d) G. S. Sardesai

(B) Identify the wrong pair in the following and rewrite.

(1) i. ‘Who were the Shudras’ – Dr Babasaheb Ambedkar

ii. ‘Stri-PurushTulana’ – Feminist writing

iii. ‘The Indian War of Independence 1857’ – Marxist History

iv. Grant Duff – Colonial History.

Ans. Wrong Pair: iii. ‘The Indian War of Independence 1857’ – Marxist History

(2) i. Mahatma Phule – Gulamgiri

ii. Dr BabasahebAmbedkar – Who Were the Shudras

iii. Pandita Ramabai – Stripurush Tulana

iv. GovindSakharamSardesai – Marathi Riyasat

Ans. Wrong Pair: iii. Pandita Ramabai – Stripurush Tulana

(3) i. ZiauddinBarani – ‘Tarikh-i- Mubarakshahi’

ii. HasanNizami – ‘Tajul-Ma’asir’

iii. Minhaj-i-Siraj’- ‘Tabaqat-i-Nasiri’

iv. Timur (-i) Lang – ‘Tuzuk-i-Timuri’

Ans. Wrong Pair: i. ZiauddinBarani – ‘Tarikh-i- Mubarakshahi’

(4) i. Sir Alexander Cunningham – Ancient sites were excavated

ii. Mountstuart Elphinstone – The Governor of Bombay (Mumbai)

iii. Sir William Jones – Founder of Asiatic society

iv. Friedrich Max Muller – Translated ‘Hitopadesh’ in French.

Ans. Wrong Pair: iv. Friedrich Max Muller – Translated ‘Hitopadesh’ in French.

Q2. (A) Do as instructed.

1. Complete the following table chart.

James MillThe History of British India
Grant Duff A History of Marathas
 Mountstuart ElphinstoneThe History of India
S.A.Dange Primitive Communism to Slavery
 Dr. Babasaheb AmbedkarWho Were the Shudras  

2. Complete the following concept map.

Ans. Ideological schools of Historiography in the Post Independence  Era

(i) Marxist History

(ii) Subaltern History

(iii) Feminist History

3. Complete the following table chart.

Feminist HistoriansTheir Writings
Tarabai Shinde Stripurush Tulana
 Pandita RamabaiThe High Caste Hindu Woman
Meera Kosambi Crossing Thresholds: Feminist Essays in Social History
 Dr. Sharmila RegeWriting Caste, Writing Gender : Reading Dalit Women’s Testimonies  

4. Complete the following concept map.

Ans.

Nationalistic Historiographers of India

(i) Vishnushastri Chiplunkar

(ii) Mahadev Govind Ranade

(iii) V. K. Rajavade

(iv) Rajendra Lal Mishra

Q. 2. (B) Write short notes on

1. Orientalist historiography

2. Nationalistic historiography

3. Subaltern history

4. Colonial Historiography

Q.3. Explain the following statements with its reason.

1. Writing of the regional history received a momentum. Bakhar is an important type of historical documents.

2. Rajtarangini is quite close to the concept of modern historiography.

3. People began to address G. S. Sardesai as ‘Riyasatkar’.

Q.4. Read the following extract and answer the questions below.

Sohagaura Copper-plate

The copper-plate was found at Sohagaura (District Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh). It is supposed to be from the Mauryan period. The inscription on it is in Brahmi script. The symbols known as ‘Tree-in-railing’ and ‘Mountain’ at the beginning of the inscription also occur on punch marked coins. Another symbol which looks like a structure erected on four pilars is supposed to be indicative of a granary. The inscription records a royal order that the grains stored in the granary should be distributed carefully. It is supposed to be suggestive of precautions taken in the times of a famine.

1.In which state was the Sohagaura copperplate found?

Ans. The Sohagaura copperplate was found in Uttar Pradesh.

2. Where else can you find the marks found on the Sohagaura copperplate?

Ans. The marks found on the Sohagaura copperplate can also be found on punch marked coins.

3. Which history we can know from Sohagaura copperplate?

Ans. The Sohagaura copperplate is supposed to be from the Mauryan Period.

Q.5. Answer the following questions in details.

1. What is Marxist History?

2. What is the contribution of Itihasacharya V.K. Rajwade to historiography?

3. Write information about post-independence feminist historiography.

4. Explain the features of nationalist historiography.

5. Review ancient Indian historiography based on the following points.

A) Oral tradition b) Carved articles c) Written literature

6. Write detailed information about this historical literary documents of Bakhar.

3. Applied History

Q.1. (A) Choose the correct option from the given options and complete the sentences.

(1) The earliest museum in the world was discovered in the excavations at the city of _____________ .

(a) Delhi (b) Harappa (c) Ur (d) Kolkata

(2) The National Archives of India is in _____________ .

(a) New Delhi (b) Kolkata (c) Mumbai (d) Chennai

(3) _______________ is considered as the mother of science and all other subjects.

(a) Philosophy (b) Ethics (c) History (d) Genealogy

(4) The main office of the National Film Archives of India is located in —————- .

(a) Mumbai (b) Pune (c) Nagpur (d) Aurangabad

(5) Kalbelia is a folk dance in the ___________ state is part of the World Heritage List.

(a) Maharashtra (b) Punjab (c) Rajasthan (d) Tamil Nadu

(6) The Kas Plateau in the Western Ghats is in the ___________ district.

(a) Sangli (b) Kolhapur (c) Solapur (d) Satara

(B) Identify the wrong pair in the following and rewrite.

(1) i. Kootiyattam – Sanskrit theatre, Kerala

ii. Ramman – Dance form in West Bengal

iii. Ramlila – Traditional Performance of the Ramayana in Uttar Pradesh Kalbelia – Folk songs and dances of Rajasthan.

Ans. Wrong pair: ii. Ramman – Dance form in West Bengal

(2) i. Sun Temple – Konark

ii. Brihadishwar Temple – Chandigarh

iii. Mahabodhi Temple – Bodh Gaya

iv. Rani-ki-Vav – Patan

Wrong Pair: ii. Brihadishwar Temple – Chandigarh

(3) i. Applied History – Public History

ii. Fauna and Flora – Natural Heritage

iii. Ancient sites – Intangible Cultural Heritage

iv. UNESCO – The list of World Natural Heritage

Ans. Wrong Pair: ii. Brihadishwar Temple – Chandigarh

Q2. (A) Do as instructed.

1. Complete the following concept map.

Ans

Cultural Heritage:

(a) Tangible

(i) Ancient Site

(ii) Artefacts

(iii) Buildings

(iv) Sculptures

(b) Intangible

(i) Traditional Knowledge

(ii) Social Customs

(iii) Oral Traditions

2. Complete the following concept map.

Ans.

Humanities

(i) History

(ii) Sociology

(iii) Archeology

(iv) Anthropology

3. Complete the following concept map.

Ans.

World Natural Heritage Sites of India

(i) Kaziranga National Park
(ii) Keoladeo National Park
(iii) Manas Wildlife Sanctuary
(iv) Sundarbans National Park

Q. 2. (B) Write short notes on

1. Applied History

2. Archives

3. Indian Museum: Kolkata

4. National Film Archives of India

5. Urmuseum

Q.3. Explain the following statements with its reason.

1. It is essential to study the history of technology.

2.The list of world Heritage Sites is announced by UNESCO.

3. The method of history can prove to be of value in the research of various fields.

4.Knowledge of the history of science is useful.

Q.4. Read the following extract and answer the questions below.

Public History

People have lot of misgivings about the practicality of the knowledge of history. For example, history is usually thought as a field of interest only for historians and students wishing to pursue higher studies in the subject and not pertaining to practical life, history as a field of knowledge does not have any applicability to economically productive fields, etc. ‘Public History’ helps to overcome such misgivings and makes history meaningful in everyday life connecting people to history. There are many universities abroad, where various courses in ‘Public History’ are offered. Srushti Institute of Art Design and Technology is an institute at Bengaluru, Karnataka. This institute has an independent department, named, ‘Centre for Public History’. This department has taken up various projects and research in the field of public history.

1. What is Public History?

Ans.

Public History also known as Applied History is a field of study concerned with the application of history for the benefit of people in the contemporary and future times.

2. Which institute has an independent department named ‘Centre for Public History’

Ans.

Srushti Institute of Art Design and Technology is an institute at Bengaluru, Karnataka, has an independent department named ‘Centre for Public History’

3. Which are misgivings about the practicality of the knowledge of history?

Ans.

People have lot of misgivings about the practicality of the knowledge of history, that history is a field of interest only for historians and students wishing to pursue higher studies in the subject and not pertaining to practical life, history as a field of knowledge does not have any applicability to economically productive fields, etc.

Q.5. Answer the following questions in details.

1. How is the method of history useful in the research of

(a) Science (b) Arts (c) Management Studies

2. How can we correlate applied history with our present?

3. Suggest at least 10 solutions for preservation of the sources of history.

4.What objectives can be fulfilled through the heritage projects.

5. Describe the Affiliated Professional Fields related to the applied history and discuss the skills required for the management of these fields.

Ans.

Knowledge of history can be supportive in the decision making with regard to respective legal provisions and public policies in the following fields :

  1. Museums and Archives
  2. Preservation and conservation of historical site
  3. Tourism and Hospitality
  4. Entertainment and Mass Media

The skills required for the management of these fields are:

(i) expert personnel with specialised skills e.g. architects, engineers, historians, archaeologists, museum
curators, sociologists, archive management professionals, legal experts, skilled photographers, etc.

(ii) The help of experts from many more fields is required.

(iii) These experts need to have adequate knowledge of the ancient sites, the historical background of the structural remains and artefacts.