JK Academy Maharashtra Board Class 7 History Solutions Chapter 4 Maharashtra before the Times of Shivaji Maharaj
Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 7 History Solutions Chapter 4 Maharashtra before the Times of Shivaji Maharaj Notes, Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.
Maharashtra State Board Class 7 History Solutions Chapter 4 Maharashtra before the Times of Shivaji Maharaj
Class 7 History Chapter 4 Maharashtra before the Times of Shivaji Maharaj Textbook Questions and Answers
Exercise
1. Complete the following chart:
| Village (Mauja) | Kasba | Pargana | |
| What it means | ……… | …………. | …………. |
| Officers | …………….. | …………….. | …………….. |
| Example | ……….. | ………….. | ……………. |
Answer:
| Village (Mauja) | Kasba | Pargana | |
| What it means | A small village | A big village | Group of Villages |
| Officers | Patil Kulkarni |
The
Shete The Mahajan |
The
Deshmukh The Deshpande |
| Example | Bavdhan | Wai Kasba of Wai Pargana | The Pune Paragana |
2. Write the meaning:
(1) Budruk
Answer: (i) The words ‘Budruk’ and ‘Khurd’ are used to show that the two villages are different. (ii) The original town is ‘Budruk’ and the new one is ‘Khurd’.
(iii) For example, Vadgaon Budruk and Vadgaon Khurd.
(2) Baluta
Answer:
(i) A share of the agricultural produce paid by peasants to the artisans for their services to the villagers.
(ii) This share was known as Baluta.
(3) Vatan
Answer: Vatan is an Arabic word. In Maharashtra it is used to refer to hereditary land to which the holder does not have to pay revenue.
3. Find out and write:
(1) People from Africa who had settled along the Konkan coastline –
Answer: Siddi
(2) The author of ‘Amrutanubhav’ –
Answer: Sant Dnyaneshwar
(3) The place where Sant Tukaram belonged to –
Answer: Dehu near Pune
(4) He composed Bharuds –
Answer: Sant Eknath
(5) He explained the importance of physical fitness
Answer: Sant Ramdas
(6) Women Sants –
Answer: Sant Soyrabai, Sant Nirmalabai, Sant Muktabai, Sant Janabai
4. Write about these personalities and their work in your own words.
(1) Sant Namdeo
Answer:
(i) Sant Namdeo was a great Sant of the Varkari movement.
(ii) He was a skilled organiser.
(iii) He performed excellent keertans as well.
(iv) He awakened the sense of equality in men and women belonging to all castes through the medium of keertans.
(v) His abhanga compositions are well-known.
(vi) Many Sants as well as common people were influenced by his teachings.
(vii) He went up to the Punjab, propagating his thoughts.
(viii) His compositions are included in the ‘Guru Granth Sahib’ of Sikhs.
(ix) He propagated the message of Bhagwat religion in all quarters.
(x) He built a memorial to Sant Chokhamela at Pandharpur.
(2) Sant Dnyaneshwar
Answer.
(i) Sant Dnyaneshwar was a great Sant in the Varkari movement.
(ii) He wrote the ‘Bhavartha-deepika’ or ‘Dnyaneshwari’ which elucidates the meaning of the Sanskrit ‘Bhagavad Geeta’.
(iii) He also composed the ‘Amrutanubhav’.
(iv) He preached the importance of the path of devotion through his works and compositions.
(v) He showed a simple way of worship and conduct which the common people could follow easily.
(vi) He gave the prestige of a religion to the Varkari movement.
(vii) His ‘Pasayadaan’ in Dnyaneshwari uplifts the mind.
(3) Sant Eknath
Answer:
(i) Sant Eknath was a great Sant of the Bhakti movement in Maharashtra.
(ii) His compositions are many and diverse.
(iii) They include abhanga, gavalana, bharud, etc.
(iv) He has stated Bhagvat Dharma in detail and in a simple manner.
(v) He has portrayed people’s life in Bhavarth Ramayana through the story of Ram.
(vi) He explained in Marathi, the Bhakti part of the Sanskrit work ‘Bhagwat’.
(vii) His abhangas show the warmth of devotion.
(viii) He demonstrated that there is no need to renounce worldly matters for attaining the highest truth, Paramarth.
(ix) He heavily criticised those who hated other religions.
(4) Sant Tukaram
Answer:
(i) Sant Tukaram belonged to Dehu near Pune.
(ii) His compositions or abhangas are very pleasing and lucid, reaching the greatest poetic heights. (iii) His ‘Gatha’ is a precious treasure of the Marathi language.
(iv) He threw in the river Indrayani, the documents of the loans that people had borrowed from him and freed many poor families from the bonds of loan.
(v) He criticized the hypocrisy and superstition in the society in very strong terms.
(vi) He stressed that devotion (Bhakti) should be coupled with morality.
(vii) Some dogmatic people opposed the social awakening that he had undertaken, and sank his abhangas in the Indrayani. Sant Tukaram faced the opposition with noble courage.
5. Why were droughts a great calamity for the people?
Answer:
The droughts were a great calamity for the people because:
(i) If it did not rain, crops would fail.
(ii) Agriculture was devastated.
(iii) There was a severe scarcity of food grains.
(iv) The prices of food grains rose.
(v) It became difficult for the people to get food grains and other things.
(vi) There was no fodder for the cattle.
(vii) Cattle and farm animals died.
(viii) Water became scarce.
(ix) The famine put an end to industries.
(x) All financial transactions came to a standstill.
(xi) People were forced to leave the village and wander to faraway regions in search of a livelihood.
(xii) Entire families were destroyed.
Activities
(1) Plan how you will help a Varkari Dindi.
(2) Dress up as Sants and present their compositions.