Class 8 History Chapter 6 Beginning of Freedom Movement Answers

Maharashtra Board Class 8 History Solutions Chapter 6 Beginning of Freedom Movement

Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 8 History Solutions Chapter 6 Beginning of Freedom Movement Notes,

Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Maharashtra State Board Class 8 History Solutions Chapter 6 Beginning of Freedom Movement

Class 8 History Chapter 6 Beginning of Freedom Movement Textbook Questions and Answers

Exercise

1. (A) Rewrite the statements by choosing the appropriate options.

(1) The Servants of India Society was founded by ………….. .

(a) Ganesh Vasudev Joshi

(b) Bhau Daji Lad

(c) M.G.Ranade

(d) Gopal Krishna Gokhale

Answer: (d) Gopal Krishna Gokhale

(2) The first session of Indian National Congress was held at ………….. . (a) Pune

(b) Mumbai

(c) Kolkata

(d) Lucknow

Answer:  (b) Mumbai

(3) ……………. wrote the Geeta Rahasya.

(a) Lokmanya Tilak

(b) Dadabhai Nowrojee

(c) Lala Lajpat Rai

(d) Bipinchandra Pal

Answer: (a) Lokmanya Tilak

(B) Write the names

(1) Moderate leaders ______ _______

Answer:

(i) Gopal Krishna Gokhale
(ii) Ferozshah Mehta

(2) Extremist leaders ______ _______

(i) Lokmanya Tilak
(ii) Lala Lajpat Rai

2. Explain the following statements with reasons.

(1) In the struggle for independence, a sense of identity was awakened among the Indians.

Answer:

(i) Due to spread of western education, new ideas such as Justice, Liberty, Equality, Democracy etc. were introduced to the Indians.

(ii) Rationalism, Scientific attitude, humanity, nationalism these principles were accepted by the Indians. (iii) Therefore there inculcated a feeling that we are capable of carrying out the work of the country and its progress is possible by following these principles.

(2) Two groups were formed in the Indian National Congress.

Answer:

(i) There were unanimous decisions regarding the objectives of the Congress and taking forward the movement by constitutional means, but there were differences regarding the working system.

(ii) These were ideological differences.

(iii) From these differences two main political groups were formed.

(3) Lord Curzon decided to partition Bengal.

Answer:

(i) Bengal was a very large province.

(ii) To carry out the work of this province was difficult from administrative point of view.

(iii) By putting up this reason, in 1905, Lord Curzon declared the partition of Bengal province.

3. Write Short Notes.

(1) Objectives of Indian National Congress

Answer: The objectives of Indian National Congress were as follows:

(a) To make the people from different parts of India forget the differences in religion, race, caste, language, geographical territories,

(b) To bring them on a common platform,

(c) To understand each others problems and views,

(d) To increase the feeling of oneness among the people,

(e) To take efforts for the development of the country were the objectives of the Indian National Congress.

(2) Anti Partition Movement

Answer:

(i) There was public awakening against partition not only in Bengal but all over India.

(ii) 16 October, the day of partition was observed as National Mourning Day.

(iii) All over India there were protest meetings to condemn the Government’s decision.

(iv) ‘Vande Mataram’ came to be sung everywhere.

(v) As a symbol of unity, ‘Raksha Bandhan’ programmes were held.

(vi) Students in large number boycotted government schools and colleges and participated in the movement.

(vii) The leadership of this movement was in the hands of Surendranath Banerjee, Anand Mohan Bose, Rabindranath Tagore and such other leaders.

(viii) The extent of Indian National Congress increased due to the anti partition movement.

(ix) It became a national movement.

(x) Owing to the severity of dissatisfaction, the British anulled the partition of Bengal.

(3) Four point program of Indian National Congress

Answer:

(i) In the session of the 1906, Swaraj, Swadeshi, National Education and Boycott, the 4 point programme was unanimously accepted by the Indian National Congress.

(ii) Due to Swadeshi movement we will be self sufficient.

(iii) To follow the path of Swadeshi we need to bring together capital, resources, manpower and such other forces and from this the benefit of the country could be achieved.

(iv) It was decided that boycotting of foreign goods is the first step and boycott of foreign rule will be the next step.

(v) Due to boycott we will be able to attack the roots of British imperialism, was the opinion of some of the leaders.

4. Explain the background behind the establishment of Indian National Congress with the help of following points.

• Centralisation of administration

Answer:

(i) For the convenience of administration and swift movement of the army the British built network of roads and railways.

(ii) But these facilities benifited the Indians as well.

(iii) People from different parts of India came in contact of each other, there was increase in communication and the feeling of nationalism grew up.

• Economic exploitation

Answer:

(i) Farmers were compelled to take cash crops, burden of land taxes, continuous famines all this broke down the backbone of Indian agriculture.

(ii) Traditional industries declined which led to rise in unemployment.

(iii) The Capitalists exploited the worker class.

(iv) Various new taxes were imposed on the middle class.

(v) This led to growth of discontent among the people.

• Western education

Answer:

(i) Due to spread of western education, new ideas such as Justice, Liberty, Equality, Democracy etc. were introduced to the Indians.

(ii) Rationalism, Scientific attitude, humanity, nationalism these principles were accepted by the Indians. (iii) Therefore there inculcated a feeling that we are capable of carrying out the work of the country and its progress is possible by following these principles.

(iv) With the introduction of English language India got a new medium of communication.

• Study of Ancient Indian History

Answer:

(i) The ‘Asiatic Society’ was established at Bengal by the British. Many Indian and western scholars started study of Indian culture.

(ii) The manuscripts in Sanskrit, Persian and other languages were examined and research was published.

(iii) Dr.Bhau Daji Lad, Dr. R. G. Bhandarkar these Indian scholars made intensive study of ancient Indian culture.

(iv) After understanding that we are blessed with glorious ancient tradition, the Indians were awakened with a sense of identity.

(v) The ‘Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute’ is working since last 100 years in Pune.

• Role of newspapers

Answer:

(i) English and Vernacular newspapers and periodicals came to be published.

(ii) Through these newspapers, political and social awakening took place.

(iii) Newspapers like Darpan, Prabhakar, Hindu, Amrit Bazar Patrika, Kesari, Maharatta started criticising the Government.

Project

Collect additional information about the leaders of early phase of Indian National Congress with the help of internet.